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Kham (Nepali: खाम) (also Khamkura खामकुरा or Kamkura कामकुरा)—narrowly defined—is a complex of Sino-Tibetan Magaric languages spoken natively in isolated highlands of the Rolpa and Rukum districts of Rapti and the westernmost part of Baglung district in Dhawalagiri Zone by western clans of the Magar tribe, called collectively ''Kham Magar'' or ''Northern Magars''. Randy LaPolla (2003) proposes that Kham may be part of a larger "Rung" group. More loosely, Nepali speakers west of the Kaligandaki use ''Kham'' (etc.) for non-Indic languages indigenous to the Middle Hills and southern parts of the Himalayas. Thus Nepali speakers also subsume with Kham the separate languages ''Kaike''—spoken to the northwest in lower Dolpo—and ''Chantyal''—spoken to the northeast in Baglung and Myagdi Districts, when in fact these are only distantly related. The Nepali speakers then use the term ''Bhote'' (भोटे) for Tibetan varieties spoken in culturally Tibetan borderlands such as upper Dolpo and northern Humla. ==Regional varieties== The language consists of 3 main lects with several sub-lects: * Gamale - spoken in northeastern Rolpa along upper ''Lungrikhola'', a tributary of the West Rapti River. * * Tamali * * Ghusbangi * Parbate * * Eastern Parbate - spoken north of Gamle: in western Baglung district along upper ''Nisikhola'' (western tributary to Gandaki) and around Dhorpatan in upper valley of ''Uttar Ganga'' (eastern tributary to Bheri River). * * * Nishel * * * Bhujel * * Western Parbate - spoken west of Gamale and Eastern Parbate, in eastern Rukum district, watersheds of ''Sani Bheri'', and lower valley of Uttar Ganga. * * * Wale * * * Gamale * * * Thabangi * * * Lugumyal * * * Takale * * * Maikoti * * * Kolal * * * Rangsyal * * * Seemale * * * Hukam * * * Matale * *The term ''Parbate'' is actually a cover term for all non-Sheshi/non-Gamale lects. The Takale variety is the prestige dialect and lingua franca of the Parbate group. * Sheshi - spoken in a slightly disjunct area to the southwest separated by Nepali speakers * * Tapanangi * * Jangkoti 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kham language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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